According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (1994), authorship is reserved for individuals who receive primary credit and hold primary responsibility for a published work. With all Patient Education for U documents you are expected to give credit to others for their work when it is quoted, paraphrased, and referenced.

Quotations: When you use the exact words of another they should be placed in quotation marks and the quote referenced.

Paraphrasing: When you summarize a passage or rearrange the order of a sentence you are paraphrasing. Each time you paraphrase, you must give credit in the text and reference it at the end of your document. For example, the text might read: According to the American Heart Association (1997), regular exercise can reduce your risk of heart disease. At the end of the text you would list the full reference in APA style.

Permission: Authors have the responsibility to obtain permission letters from copyright holders to reproduce copyrighted patient education materials. A copy of this letter must be on file with the Office of Patient Education before your Patient Education for U materials are made available to patients. In addition, the document must have an acknowledgment of the copyright holder (with the statement "used by permission") at the bottom of the document.